![]() They may have numbered 200,000 by the time of Mussolini's March on Rome from 27 to 29 October 1922. ![]() It was given the task of leading fights against their bitter enemies – the Socialists. The Blackshirts were established as the Squadrismo in 1919 and consisted of many disgruntled former soldiers. In 1943, following the fall of the Fascist regime, the MVSN was integrated into the Royal Italian Army and disbanded.īlackshirts on Piazza di Siena in Rome, 1936. Their methods became harsher as Mussolini's power grew, and they used violence and intimidation against Mussolini's opponents. The founders of the paramilitary groups were nationalist intellectuals, former army officers and young landowners opposing peasants' and country labourers' unions. Its members were distinguished by their black uniforms (modelled on those of the Arditi, Italy's elite troops of World War I) and their loyalty to Benito Mussolini, the Duce (leader) of Fascism, to whom they swore an oath. The Voluntary Militia for National Security ( Italian: Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, MVSN), commonly called the Blackshirts ( Italian: Camicie Nere, CCNN, singular: Camicia Nera) or squadristi (singular: squadrista), was originally the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party, known as the Squadrismo, and after 1923 an all-volunteer militia of the Kingdom of Italy under Fascist rule, similar to the SA. ![]()
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